Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology

Hyaluronic acid fillers: superficial injections vs tridimensional injections, what changes?

Since the beginning of the 21st century, hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have become a mainstay in aesthetic medicine; these fillers have been quickly appreciated by both physicians and patients due to HA safety and their temporary effect. HA fillers were born as “dermal filler” in order to be injected in the dermal layer to treat fine lines, but over time physicians understood how to inject them tridimensionally, not only into the skin layer but also in superficial and deep facial fat compartments or over the periosteum in order not only to treat lines but to achieve deep facial feature changes.

This collection provides scientifically based papers that can give readers a guide on how to approach patients previously injected with HA fillers over the years, potential complications in injecting deep areas already injected, and when and how to use hyaluronidase before to repeat a filler treatment.