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A Response to the Article “Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis Among Human Population in Duhok City, Iraq” [Letter]
Received 17 June 2023
Accepted for publication 23 June 2023
Published 7 July 2023 Volume 2023:16 Pages 4453—4454
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S425631
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Editor who approved publication: Professor Suresh Antony
Risqa Novita,1,2,* Dhani Prakoso3,*
1Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia; 2Primatology Study Program, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; 3Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya, Indonesia
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence: Risqa Novita, Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia, Email [email protected]; [email protected]
View the original paper by Dr Khalid and colleagues
Dear editor
We give high impressions to the author for his publication titled “Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis Among Human Population in Duhok City, Iraq” in the Journal Infection and Drug Resistance.2023;16:2805–2811.1 He shared a great article because it revealed human brucellosis symptoms which are not widely known and a low mortality rate. Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease, found mainly in developing countries, and an important zoonotic disease after rabies.2 Four Brucella species are pathogenic to humans, Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis. Brucella melitensis is known to be the most virulent to humans.3 Since brucellosis is a zoonotic disease and this research only found B. melitensis and B. abortus in their samples, it would be much better if the data regarding the brucellosis status of the animals living near the human-positive cases were added. Therefore, the data in this article are more comprehensive and, in turn, preventive measures can be taken.
This research is similar to our research (under review) which also used Rose Bengal Test (RBT) for the first screening, but then we used Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for confirmatory of the positive RBT samples. RBT is the best screening test for human and animal brucellosis. The RBT has higher sensitivity compared to the CFT, so the positive RBT sample might have a negative CFT test. Based on our research (under review), brucellosis seroprevalence of the respondents using RBT was 3.3%, but when tested using CFT, the seroprevalence become 0%. This result was also supported by Ekiri, 2020, where RBT positive test indicated that the patient was in the sub-acute infection phase (6–12 months of infection), while a chronic infection phase usually showed RBT negative. The majority of Brucella infections were chronic infections.4,5 Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that the CFT test is conducted for confirmation of the brucellosis.6 For confirmation of the results in this research, it would be more complete if the CFT test is added, that way the actual respondent status of the brucellosis is known and the respondent receives proper treatment.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge Khalid HM as the author of the discussed study for his amazing works, and we also would like aknowledge Dr. Sofa Fajriah for her advice throughout the publication.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this communication.
References
1. Khalid HM. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis among human population in Duhokn City, Iraq. Infect Drud Resist. 2023;16:2805–2811. doi:10.2147/IDR.S407263
2. Tsegay A, Tuli G, Kassa T, Kebede N. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in abattoir workers at Debre Zeit and Modjo export abattoir, Central Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2208-0
3. Yagupsky P, Morata P, Colmenero JD. Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;33:e00073–19. doi:10.1128/CMR.00073-19
4. Ekiri AB, Kilonzo C, Bird BH, et al. Utility of the rose bengal test as a point-of-care test for human brucellosis in endemic African settings: a systematic review. J Trop Med. 2020;2020:1–20. doi:10.1155/2020/6586182
5. Elbehiry A, Aldubaib M, Marzouk E, et al. The development of diagnostic and vaccine strategies for early detection and control of human brucellosis, particularly in endemic areas. Vaccines. 2023;11(3):654. doi:10.3390/vaccines11030654
6. Corbel MJ. Brucellosis in humans and animals. WHO-FAO-OIE; 2006:1–102. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf.
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