Potential Antitumor Activity of Novel DODAC/PHO-S Liposomes [Retraction]

Luna AC, Saraiva GK, Filho OM, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016;11:1577—1591. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S90850

We, the Editors and Publisher of the International Journal of Nanomedicine, have retracted the published article.

After publication, concerns have been raised by a third party in 2025 about the integrity of the data in Figures 5 and 6 of the article.

Further investigation conducted by the Journal and Publisher confirmed unusual similarities present in the image panels representative of different treatment conditions in the following Figures:

• Figure 4A
• Figure(s)5B, 5C
• Figure(s) 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, and 8A.

When approached for an explanation, the authors responded. The authors explained that the overlapping areas resulted from the limitations of the camera coupled to the microscope available at the time the study was conducted, and that the images were processed with the purpose of minimising minor visual imperfections. Original data has been provided by the authors with no further integrity concerns.

However, given the extent of image alterations to the figures published in the article, the Journal and Publisher no longer have confidence in the reported conclusions, therefore, we are retracting the article. The corresponding author listed in this publication has been informed.

We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines.

The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.