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Oral Processing, Satiation and Obesity: Overview and Hypotheses: A Short Comment [Letter]
Authors Rastmanesh R
Received 3 August 2021
Accepted for publication 8 August 2021
Published 2 September 2021 Volume 2021:14 Pages 3819—3820
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S331927
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Editor who approved publication: Professor Ming-Hui Zou
Reza Rastmanesh1,2
1The Nutrition Society, London, UK; 2The American Physical Society, Maryland State, MD, USA
Correspondence: Reza Rastmanesh
Private Clinic, #6, Physicians Building, Sarshar Alley, Vali Asr Street, Tajrish, Tehran, 1961835555, Iran
Email [email protected]
View the original paper by Dr Slyper and colleagues
Dear editor
I read with interest the article by Dr. Arnold Slyper.1 I would like to suggest adding some brief and useful points to his core conclusion to provide a consolidated overview.
Dr. Arnold Slyper has done a brilliant attempt to overview the obesity form the perspective of current hypotheses on oral processing and satiation. As the author stated, he has focused to present an overview pertaining specifically to the hypotheses pertaining to six areas related to aspects of oral processing.
As the author has pointed out, salivation and lubrication of the food bolus to make it suitable for swallowing, enzymatic activity on the food ingested, sensations within the mouth arising from the food, and finally swallowing of the bolus are amongst the many physiological processes within the mouth which are involved in dealing with food. However, less attention has been paid to the role of salivation in oral processing in that paper.
It is very important to notice that there are also significant inter-individual differences on salivary flow rates (for instance, in patients with diabetic people,2 schoolchildren,3 otherwise healthy individuals4), as well as age- and sex-related differences in masseter size and its role in oral functions5 and consequently oral processing of foods.
Salivary response has long been known to mediate olfactory food stimuli as a function of dietary restraint and body weight.6 Indeed, there is a tight correlation between salivary flow rates and total food/nutrient intake and food preference.7–9 All these information are important, since both hypo and hypersecretion of saliva is implicated in obesity. These evidences are relevant since salivary flow rates are associated with obesity,10 metabolic syndrome,11 noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity-insulin resistance.12
Taking into account these neglected associations and differences would undoubtedly help in targeting the best strategy to treat/prevent obesity and/or related disorders in different pathologic conditions (such as Sjogren syndrome, xerostomia, etc.), treatments (xerogenic/xerostomic medicaments, etc.) and settings (long-term radiation/chemotherapy, etc.).
Disclosure
The author reports no conflicts of interest in this communication.
References
1. Slyper A. Oral processing, satiation and obesity: overview and hypotheses. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:3399–3415. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S314379
2. Reuterving CO, Reuterving G, Hagg E, et al. Salivary flow rate and salivary glucose concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus influence of severity of diabetes. Diabete Metab. 1987;13(4):457–462.
3. Tukia-Kulmala H, Tenovuo J. Intra- and inter-individual variation in salivary flow rate, buffer effect, lactobacilli, and mutans streptococci among 11- to 12-year-old schoolchildren. Acta Odontol Scand. 1993;51(1):31–37. doi:10.3109/00016359309041145
4. Won S, Kho H, Kim Y, et al. Analysis of residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions. Arch Oral Biol. 2001;46(7):619–624. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(01)00018-8
5. Lin CS, Wu CY, Wu SY, et al. Age- and sex-related differences in masseter size and its role in oral functions. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017;148(9):644–653. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2017.03.001
6. Legoff DB, Spigelman MN. Salivary response to olfactory food stimuli as a function of dietary restraint and body weight. Appetite. 1987;8(1):29–35. doi:10.1016/S0195-6663(87)80024-7
7. Bergdahl M, Bergdahl J. Perceived taste disturbance in adults: prevalence and association with oral and psychological factors and medication. Clin Oral Investig. 2002;6(3):145–149. doi:10.1007/s00784-002-0169-0
8. Ernest SL. Dietary intake, food preferences, stimulated salivary flow rate, and masticatory ability in older adults with complete dentitions. Spec Care Dentist. 1993;13(3):102–106. doi:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1993.tb01628.x
9. Kedjarune U, Migasena P, Changbumrung S, et al. Flow rate and composition of whole saliva in children from rural and urban Thailand with different caries prevalence and dietary intake. Caries Res. 1997;31(2):148–154. doi:10.1159/000262390
10. Maruyama K, Nishioka S, Miyoshi N, et al. The impact of masticatory ability as evaluated by salivary flow rates on obesity in Japanese: the Toon health study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015;23(6):1296–1302. doi:10.1002/oby.21071
11. Tremblay M, Brisson D, Gaudet D. Association between salivary pH and metabolic syndrome in women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12(1):40. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-12-40
12. Ittichaicharoen J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Is salivary gland function altered in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity-insulin resistance? Arch Oral Biol. 2016;64:61–71. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.01.002
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