Neurotransmitter testing of the urine: a comprehensive analysis

This paper has been retracted.

Marty Hinz ¹, Alvin Stein ², George Trachte ³, Thomas Uncini ⁴

¹Clinical Research, NeuroResearch Clinics, Inc., Cape Coral, FL, USA; ²Stein Orthopedic Associates, Plantation, FL, USA; ³Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA; ⁴DBS Labs, Duluth, MI, USA

Abstract: This paper analyzes the statistical correlation of urinary serotonin and dopamine data in subjects not suffering from monoamine-secreting tumors such as pheochromocytoma or carcinoid syndrome. Peer-reviewed literature and statistical analyses were searched and monoamine (serotonin and dopamine) assays defined in order to facilitate their proper interpretation. Many research findings in the literature are novel. Baseline assays completed with no monoamine precursors differ from baseline assays performed on a different day in the same subject. There is currently no scientific basis, value, or predictability in obtaining baseline monoamine assays. Urinary assays performed while taking precursors can demonstrate a lack of correlation or unexpected correlations such as inverse relationships. The only valid model for interpretation of urinary monoamine assays is the “three-phase model” which leads to predictability between monoamine assays and precursor administration in varied amounts.
Purpose: This paper reviews the basic science of urinary monoamine assays. Results of statistical analysis correlating baseline and nonbaseline assays are reported and provide valid methods for interpretation of urinary serotonin and dopamine results.
Patients and methods: Key scientific claims promoting the validity of the urinary neurotransmitter testing (UNT) model applications are discussed. Many of these claims were not supported by the scientific literature. Matched-pairs t-tests were performed on several groupings. Results of all statistical tests were compared with peer-reviewed literature.
Results: The statistical analysis failed to support the UNT model. Peer-reviewed literature search failed to verify scientific clams made in support of applications of the UNT model in many cases.

Keywords: serotonin, dopamine, urinary neurotransmitter testing

Expression of Concern for this paper has been published