Effects of Intravenous Subanesthetic-Dose Esketamine on Early Postoperative Pain in Elderly Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lung Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Zhao H, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu M, Ning Y, Gao D, Hui K, Ji Q, Zhang L

Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2025, 19:11289-11305

Published Date: 18 December 2025