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5-Fluorouracil-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles combined with phage E gene therapy as a new strategy against colon cancer

Authors Ortiz R, Prados J , Melguizo C , Arias JL, Adolfina MA, Álvarez, Caba, Luque R, Segura, Aránega

Received 21 September 2011

Accepted for publication 2 November 2011

Published 9 January 2012 Volume 2012:7 Pages 95—107

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S26401

Review by Single anonymous peer review

Peer reviewer comments 4



Raúl Ortiz1,3, José Prados1, Consolación Melguizo1, José L Arias2, M Adolfina Ruiz2, Pablo J Álvarez1, Octavio Caba1,3, Raquel Luque4, Ana Segura5, Antonia Aránega1
1Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), 2Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; 3Department of Health Science, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; 4Service of Medical Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain; 5CSIC-Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Department of Environmental Protection, Granada, Spain

Abstract: This work aimed to develop a new therapeutic approach to increase the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of advanced or recurrent colon cancer. 5-FU-loaded biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (PCL NPs) were combined with the cytotoxic suicide gene E (combined therapy). The SW480 human cancer cell line was used to assay the combined therapeutic strategy. This cell line was established from a primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and is characterized by an intrinsically high resistance to apoptosis that correlates with its resistance to 5-FU. 5-FU was absorbed into the matrix of the PCL NPs during synthesis using the interfacial polymer disposition method. The antitumor activity of gene E from the phage ΦX174 was tested by generating a stable clone (SW480/12/E). In addition, the localization of E protein and its activity in mitochondria were analyzed. We found that the incorporation of 5-FU into PCL NPs (which show no cytotoxicity alone), significantly improved the drug's anticancer activity, reducing the proliferation rate of colon cancer cells by up to 40-fold when compared with the nonincorporated drug alone. Furthermore, E gene expression sensitized colon cancer cells to the cytotoxic action of the 5-FU-based nanomedicine. Our findings demonstrate that despite the inherent resistance of SW480 to apoptosis, E gene activity is mediated by an apoptotic phenomenon that includes modulation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression and intense mitochondrial damage. Finally, a strongly synergistic antiproliferative effect was observed in colon cancer cells when E gene expression was combined with the activity of the 5-FU-loaded PCL NPs, thereby indicating the potential therapeutic value of the combined therapy.

Keywords: colon cancer, combined therapy, 5-fluorouracil, gene therapy, E gene, poly (ε-caprolactone)

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