Synthesis and characterization of surface-enhanced Raman-scattered gold nanoparticles

Sushma Kalmodia,^1,2 Jaidev Harjwani,³ Raguraman Rajeswari,¹ Wenrong Yang,² Colin J Barrow,² Sundara Ramaprabhu,³ Subramanian Krishnakumar,^1,* Sailaja V Elchuri<sup>1,*

1</sup>Department of Nanobiotechnology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India; ²Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; ³Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Lab, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

^*These authors contributed equally to this work

Abstract: In this paper, we report a simple, rapid, and robust method to synthesize surface-enhanced Raman-scattered gold nanoparticles (GNPs) based on green chemistry. Vitis vinifera L. extract was used to synthesize noncytotoxic Raman-active GNPs. These GNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light-scattering, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic surface plasmon-resonance band at ~528 nm is indicative of spherical particles, and this was confirmed by TEM. The N–H and C–O stretches in FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of protein molecules. The predominant XRD plane at (111) and (200) indicated the crystalline nature and purity of GNPs. GNPs were stable in the buffers used for biological studies, and exhibited no cytotoxicity in noncancerous MIO-M1 (Müller glial) and MDA-MB-453 (breast cancer) cell lines. The GNPs exhibited Raman spectral peaks at 570, 788, and 1,102 cm^-1. These new GNPs have potential applications in cancer diagnosis, therapy, and ultrasensitive biomarker detection.

Keywords: GNPs, SERS, SPR, Vitis vinifera L., stability