Refractive errors in Cameroonians diagnosed with complete oculocutaneous albinism

André Omgbwa Eballé^1,3, Côme Ebana Mvogo², Christelle Noche⁴, Marie Evodie Akono Zoua², Andin Viola Dohvoma<sup>2

1</sup>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, ²Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; ³Yaoundé Gynaeco-obstetric and Paediatric Hospital. Yaoundé, Cameroon; ⁴Faculty of Medicine, Université des Montagnes. Bangangté, Cameroon

Background: Albinism causes significant eye morbidity and amblyopia in children. The aim of this study was to determine the refractive state in patients with complete oculocutaneous albinism who were treated at the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon and evaluate its effect on vision.
Methods: We carried out this retrospective study at the ophthalmology unit of our hospital. All oculocutaneous albino patients who were treated between March 1, 2003 and December 31, 2011 were included.
Results: Thirty-five patients (70 eyes) diagnosed with complete oculocutaneous albinism were enrolled. Myopic astigmatism was the most common refractive error (40%). Compared with myopic patients, those with myopic astigmatism and hypermetropic astigmatism were four and ten times less likely, respectively, to demonstrate significant improvement in distance visual acuity following optical correction.
Conclusion: Managing refractive errors is an important way to reduce eye morbidity-associated low vision in oculocutaneous albino patients.

Keywords: albinism, visual acuity, refraction, Cameroon