Peptide-modified liposomes for selective targeting of bombesin receptors overexpressed by cancer cells: a potential theranostic agent

Antonella Accardo^1,2*, Giuseppina Salsano³*, Anna Morisco⁴, Michela Aurilio⁴, Antonio Parisi⁵, Francesco Maione⁵, Carla Cicala⁵, Diego Tesauro^1,2, Luigi Aloj⁴, Giuseppe De Rosa³, Giancarlo Morelli^1,2
1CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences and IBB CNR, University of Naples “Federico II”, ²Invectors srl, ³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, ⁴Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, ⁵Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Objectives: Drug delivery systems consisting of liposomes displaying a cell surface receptor-targeting peptide are being developed to specifically deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumors overexpressing a target receptor. This study addresses novel liposome composition approaches to specifically target tissues overexpressing bombesin (BN) receptors.
Methods: A new amphiphilic peptide derivative (MonY-BN) containing the BN(7–14) peptide, the DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) chelating agent, a hydrophobic moiety with two C₁₈ alkyl chains, and polyethylene glycol spacers, has been synthesized by solid-phase methods. Liposomes have been generated by co-aggregation of MonY-BN with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). The structural and biological properties of these new target-selective drug-delivery systems have been characterized.
Results: Liposomes with a DSPC/MonY-BN (97/3 molar ratio) composition showed a diameter of 145.5 ± 31.5 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.20 ± 0.05. High doxorubicin (Dox) loading was obtained with the remote pH gradient method using citrate as the inner buffer. Specific binding to PC-3 cells of DSPC/MonY-BN liposomes was obtained (2.7% ± 0.3%, at 37°C), compared with peptide-free DSPC liposomes (1.4% ± 0.2% at 37°C). Incubation of cells with DSPC/MonY-BN/Dox showed significantly lower cell survival compared with DSPC/Dox-treated cells, in the presence of 100 ng/mL and 300 ng/mL drug amounts, in cytotoxicity experiments. Intravenous treatment of PC-3 xenograft-bearing mice with DSPC/MonY-BN/Dox at 10 mg/kg Dox dose produced higher tumour growth inhibition (60%) compared with nonspecific DSPC/Dox liposomes (36%) relative to control animals.
Conclusion: The structural and loading properties of DSPC/MonY-BN liposomes along with the observed in-vitro and in-vivo activity are encouraging for further development of this approach for target-specific cancer chemotherapy.

Keywords: bombesin peptide, doxorubicin delivery, gastrin-releasing peptide receptors, PC-3 cells, theranostic applications