Back to Journals » International Journal of Nanomedicine » Volume 6

Nanosized rods agglomerates as a new approach for formulation of a dry powder inhaler

Authors Kharshoum R, Abdelrahim M , Abo Eid K, Sharaf MA

Published 6 February 2011 Volume 2011:6 Pages 311—320

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S14309

Review by Single anonymous peer review

Peer reviewer comments 2



HF Salem1 ME Abdelrahim2 K Abo Eid3 MA Sharaf3,4
1Department of Pharmaceutics, 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Beni Suef, Beni Suef; 3Department of Chemistry, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Egypt; 4Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Helwan 11835, Egypt

Background: Nanosized dry powder inhalers provide higher stability for poorly water-soluble drugs as compared with liquid formulations. However, the respirable particles must have a diameter of 1–5 µm in order to deposit in the lungs. Controlled agglomeration of the nanoparticles increases their geometric particle size so they can deposit easily in the lungs. In the lungs, they fall apart to reform nanoparticles, thus enhancing the dissolution rate of the drugs. Theophylline is a bronchodilator with poor solubility in water.
Methods: Nanosized theophylline colloids were formed using an amphiphilic surfactant and destabilized using dilute sodium chloride solutions to form the agglomerates.
Results: The theophylline nanoparticles thus obtained had an average particle size of 290 nm and a zeta potential of −39.5 mV, whereas the agglomerates were 2.47 µm in size with a zeta potential of −28.9 mV. The release profile was found to follow first-order kinetics (r2 > 0.96). The aerodynamic characteristics of the agglomerated nanoparticles were determined using a cascade impactor. The behavior of the agglomerate was significantly better than unprocessed raw theophylline powder. In addition, the nanoparticles and agglomerates resulted in a significant improvement in the dissolution of theophylline.
Conclusion: The results obtained lend support to the hypothesis that controlled agglomeration strategies provide an efficient approach for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs into the lungs.

Keywords: theophylline, nanoparticles, agglomerates, dry powder inhaler

Creative Commons License © 2011 The Author(s). This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.