Menu
Back to Journals » ImmunoTargets and Therapy » Volume 2
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: update on epidemiology, genetics, and therapeutic modalities
Authors Graves A, Hessamodini H, Wong G, Lim WH
Received 18 February 2013
Accepted for publication 5 April 2013
Published 23 July 2013 Volume 2013:2 Pages 73—90
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S31426
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 5
Angela Graves,1 Hannah Hessamodini,1 Germaine Wong,2 Wai H Lim1,3
1Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; 2Centre for Kidney Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Abstract: The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a major therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Despite advances in the understanding of the immunobiology of RCC and the availability of several novel targeted agents, there has been little improvement in the survival of patients with metastatic RCC. This review will focus on the recent understanding of risk factors and treatment options and outcomes of metastatic RCC, in particular, targeted therapeutic agents that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Prospective studies are required to determine whether sequential targeted therapy will further improve progression-free survival in RCC. Ongoing research to develop novel agents with better tolerability and enhanced efficacy in the treatment of metastatic RCC is required.
Keywords: metastatic renal cell carcinoma, targeted treatment, immunotherapy, cytokines
© 2013 The Author(s). This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.
By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.