Macular hole formation in a patient with Irvine-Gass syndrome: coincidence or rare complication?

Marilita M Moschos,¹ Zisis Gatzioufas,² Tryfon Rotsos,¹ Chrysanthos Symeonidis,³ Xuefei Song,² Berthold Seitz<sup>2

1</sup>1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; ²Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany; ³2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece

Background: Macular edema (ME) is caused by abnormal retinal capillary permeability and has also been described as a postoperative complication of cataract surgery (Irvine-Gass syndrome).
Objective: To present a patient with Irvine-Gass syndrome in the right eye complicated with a macular hole (MH) in the same eye and possible associations between these two entities.
Case report: A 72-year-old male with a history of uneventful bilateral cataract surgery was followed-up with biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Four weeks after cataract surgery oculus dexter (OD), there was progressive visual deterioration (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA]: 0.5). OCT disclosed cystoid ME. A parabulbar triamcinolone injection, dexamethasone 0.1% and ketorolac 0.4% eye drops, both 4 times per day OD were administered. Six weeks later (BCVA OD: 0.2), OCT revealed cystoid ME and full-thickness MH.
Conclusion: ME secondary to diabetes or central retinal vein occlusion may lead to MH by inducing focal vitreomacular traction and by triggering inflammatory mechanisms which facilitate a marked thinning of the fovea. MH may occur even in cases of pseudophakic ME, representing a rare complication of Irvine-Gass syndrome.

Keywords: Irvine-Gass syndrome, macular hole, macular edema