Additional factors influencing resident satisfaction and dissatisfaction

Dear editor

We have read the recent review article by Kahn et al¹ with great interest. The original article was detailed and informative, and we felt it would be helpful to expand on the factors affecting resident satisfaction and dissatisfaction. As senior medical students in clinical years, we spend a significant portion of our time shadowing specialist trainees. Thus, we can offer a unique perspective on the factors affecting trainee satisfaction and well-being.

We firstly commend the authors for attempting to identify the factors affecting residency satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Notable associations which were correlated with residency dissatisfaction were highlighted, including wanting “more or much more” time available to spend with family and insufficient patient interactions.¹ It was found that ~40% of the participants reported wanting to spend more time with family.¹ Lu et al² similarly found that satisfaction among health care staff was increased by balancing adequate time between work and family. We believe that Lu et al’s² study may be extrapolated to other cohorts, including medical students.

There were a number of important predictors of satisfaction which were not explored by the authors. One predictor of satisfaction is the impact of travel duration. In 2014, the Office for National Statistics examined the relationship between commuting and personal well-being;³ it was concluded that a 10-minute increase in commuting time was reflected by a notable reduction in satisfaction. One could argue that commuting time is a confounder for other factors, such as the time available for family. However, there is ample evidence that commuting itself is a work-related stressor.

Another important contributor to residency satisfaction is organizational culture, especially relationships between peers and seniors. The 2016 national training survey carried out by the General Medical Council in the UK reported that “1 in 20 doctors in training said they had a bullying or undermining concern”.⁴ Organizational culture not only has an impact on job satisfaction, but also on patient safety and clinical outcomes, as highlighted by Körner et al.⁵ The need for evaluating organizational culture should not be understated due to its substantial influence on trainee satisfaction. Attaining a better, but not wholesome understanding of organizational culture can be through formulating appropriate questions for residents or trainees on their perspectives of their workplace environment.

In order to determine the components influencing satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the residency program, we believe further research focusing on broader elements within the residency program is needed. Attempting to quantitatively determine the influence of aforementioned factors is a difficult task, but one which we believe will be helpful for residency organizers to consider in the future.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this communication.

References

1.		Kahn JS, Witteles RM, Mahaffey KW, Desai SA, Ozdalga E, Heidenreich PA. A 15-year review of the Stanford internal medicine residency program: predictors of resident satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2017;8:559–566.
2.		Lu Y, Hu XM, Huang XL, et al. Job satisfaction and associated factors among healthcare staff: a cross-sectional study in Guangdong Province, China. BMJ Open. 2016;6(7):e011388.
3.		Does commuting affect well-being? [webpage on the Internet]. London: Office for National Statistics; 2014 [released February 12, 2014]. Available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160107113203/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/wellbeing/measuring-national-well-being/commuting-and-personal-well-being--2014/sty-commuting-and-well-being.html. Accessed November 3, 2017.
4.		General Medical Council. National training survey 2016. Manchester: General Medical Council; 2016. Available from: http://www.gmc-uk.org/National_training_survey_2016___key_findings_68462938.pdf. Accessed November 3, 2017.
5.		Körner M, Wirtz MA, Bengel J, Göritz AS. Relationship of organizational culture, teamwork and job satisfaction in interprofessional teams. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:243.
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