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Evaluation of CYP450 inhibitory effects and steady-state pharmacokinetics of genistein in combination with cholecalciferol and citrated zinc bisglycinate in postmenopausal women

Authors Burnett BP, Pillai L, Bitto A, Squadrito, Robert Levy R

Published 9 May 2011 Volume 2011:3 Pages 139—150

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S19309

Review by Single anonymous peer review

Peer reviewer comments 3



Bruce P Burnett1, Lakshmi Pillai1, Alessandra Bitto2, Francesco Squadrito2, Robert M Levy1
1Primus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Scottsdale, AZ, USA; 2University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Messina, Italy

Background: The combination of genistein 27 mg, cholecalciferol 200 IU, citrated zinc bisglycinate (4 mg elemental zinc) 20 mg per capsule in Fosteum®, a prescription medical food regulated by the FDA and indicated for the dietary management of osteopenia and osteoporosis, was tested for drug interactions and to determine the pharmacokinetic profile for genistein, the principal bone-modulating ingredient in the product.
Methods: In vitro human liver microsome cytochrome P450 (CYP450) assays were used to test the product for potential drug interactions with the isoforms 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. Due to specific 2C8 and 2C9 inhibition, a steady-state pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess serum genistein concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectroscopy in healthy fasting (n = 10) and fed (n = 10) postmenopausal women.
Results: The product showed minimal inhibition of 1A2, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, exhibiting IC50 > 10 µM, but 2C8 and 2C9 yielded IC50 of 2.5 µM and 2.8 µM, respectively, concentrations which are theroretically achievable when dosing the product twice daily. After seven days of administration in a steady-state pharmacokinetic study, significant differences were found for unconjugated genistein (including free and protein-bound), regarding time to peak concentration (1.88 ± 1.36 hours), maximum concentration reached (0.052 ± 0.055 µM), elimination half-life (2.3 ± 1.6 hours), and area under the concentration-time curve (53.75 ± 17.59 ng . hour/mL) compared with results for total genistein (including glucuronidated and sulfonated conjugates) time to peak concentration (2.22 ± 1.09 hours), maximum concentration reached (2.95 ± 1.64 µM), elimination half-life (10.4 ± 4.1 hours), and area under the concentration-time curve (10424 ± 6290 ng . hour/mL) in fasting subjects. Coadministration of food tended to extend the time and extent of absorption as well as slow elimination of genistein, but not in a statistically significant manner.
Conclusion: Because the serum genistein concentrations achieved during pharmacokinetic testing at therapeutic doses were well below those required for enzyme inhibition in the in vitro liver microsome assays, these results indicate a low potential for drug interactions.

Keywords: genistein, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, medical food

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