Effects of mechanical loading on the degradability and mechanical properties of the nanocalcium-deficient hydroxyapatite–multi(amino acid) copolymer composite membrane tube for guided bone regeneration

Hong Duan,¹ Hongsheng Yang,¹ Yan Xiong,¹ Bin Zhang,¹ Cheng Ren,¹ Li Min,¹ Wenli Zhang,¹ Yonggang Yan,² Hong Li,² Fuxing Pei,¹ Chongqi Tu<sup>1

1</sup>Department of Orthopedics, ²School of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China

Background and methods: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a new treatment for bone defects, and the property of membrane is critical to the success of GBR. This study focuses on a novel membrane tube for GBR, which was prepared by a nanocalcium-deficient hydroxyapatite–multi(amino acid) copolymer (n-CDHA-MAC) composite. The biomechanical strength and degradability of this membrane tube under mechanical loading after immersion in phosphate-buffered solution were investigated to evaluate the effects of mechanical loading on the membrane tube. The membrane-tube group with no mechanical loading and femora bone were used as controls.
Results: The compressive strength and bending strength of n-CDHA-MAC membrane tubes were 66.4 ± 10.2 MPa and 840.7 ± 12.1 MPa, which were lower than those of the goats’ femoral bones (69.0 ± 5.5 MPa and 900.2 ± 17.3 MPa), but there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences. In the in vitro degradability experiment, all membrane tubes were degradable and showed a surface-erosion degradation model. The PH of solution fluctuated from 7.2 to 7.5. The weight and mechanical strength of loaded tubes decreased more quickly than nonloaded ones, with significant differences (P < 0.05). However, the strength of the loaded group after degradation achieved 20.4 ± 1.2 MPa, which was greater than the maximum mechanical strength of 4.338 MPa based on goat femoral middle stationary state by three-dimensional finite-element analysis.
Conclusions: n-CDHA-MAC membrane tubes have good biomechanical strength during degradation under mechanical loading. Therefore, this membrane tube is an ideal GBR membrane for critical size defects of long bones in goats for animal experiments.

Keywords: degradation, membrane tubes, n-CDHA-MAC, biomechanical properties