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Cranial nerves XIII and XIV: nerves in the shadows

Authors Bordoni B , Zanier E

Received 13 October 2012

Accepted for publication 5 January 2013

Published 13 March 2013 Volume 2013:6 Pages 87—91

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S39132

Checked for plagiarism Yes

Review by Single anonymous peer review

Peer reviewer comments 4



Bruno Bordoni,1 Emiliano Zanier2

1Don Carlo Gnocchi IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Milan, 2Xamar Institute, Rosà, Vicenza, Italy

Abstract: It has been known for over a century that these cranial nerves exist, and that they are not typographical errors nor a sensational event reported in the medical literature. A number of scientific articles on anatomy highlight how textbooks on descriptive anatomy do not always consider variables such as differences related to the geographical areas where people live, and these differences do exist. This is an important concept not only for surgeons, but also for all medical professionals who use manual techniques when treating their patients, ie, osteopaths, chiropractors, physiotherapists, and other manual therapists. This paper highlights the latest developments regarding these cranial nerves, offering at the same time some ideas for further reflection when looking at clinical scenarios that appear to bear little relationship to each other. Inclusion of these concepts in everyday anamnesis is encouraged.

Keywords:
cranial nerve, facial nerve, trigeminal system, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

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