Association of ADIPOQ +45T>G polymorphism with body fat mass and blood levels of soluble adiponectin and inflammation markers in a Mexican-Mestizo population

Milton-Omar Guzman-Ornelas,¹ Efrain Chavarria-Avila,¹ Jose-Francisco Munoz-Valle,^1,2 Laura-Elizabeth Armas-Ramos,³ Jorge Castro-Albarran,^3,4 Maria Elena Aguilar Aldrete,^1,5 Edith Oregon-Romero,² Monica Vazquez-Del Mercado,² Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernandez<sup>1–3

1</sup>Biomedical Sciences Doctorate Program, ²Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, ³Master of Human Nutrition Program, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; ⁴HMIELM, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; ⁵Department of Public Health, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, México


Purpose: Obesity is a disease with genetic susceptibility characterized by an increase in storage and irregular distribution of body fat. In obese patients, the decrease in the Adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) expression has been associated with a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between ADIPOQ +45T>G gene simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs2241766) with serum adiponectin (sAdiponectin), distribution of body fat storage, and inflammation markers.
Subjects and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 242 individuals from Western Mexico characterized as Mexican-Mestizo and classified by body mass index (BMI), were included. Anthropometrics, body composition, body fat distribution, and inflammation markers were measured by routine methods. Genotypes were characterized using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and sAdiponectin by the ELISA method. A P-value <0.05 was considered the statistically significant threshold.
Results: sAdiponectin is associated with BMI (P < 0.001) and the genotypes (P < 0.001 to 0.0046) GG (8169 ± 1162 ng/mL), TG (5189 ± 501 ng/mL), and TT (3741 ± 323 ng/mL), but the SNP ADIPOQ +45T.G is not associated with BMI. However, the detailed analysis showed association of this SNP with a pattern of fat distribution and correlations (P < 0.05) with inflammation markers and distribution of body fat storage (Pearson’s r = -0.169 to -0.465) were found.
Conclusion: In this study, we have suggested that the ADIPOQ +45G allele could be associated with distribution of body fat storage in obesity. On the other hand, as no association was observed between ADIPOQ +45T>G gene polymorphism and obesity, it cannot be concluded that the ADIPOQ +45G allele is responsible for the increase of adiponectin levels.

Keywords: ADIPOQ gene polymorphism, levels of inflammation markers, body fat distribution, obesity, Mexican-Mestizo population