Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) with a novel formulation of drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol

Domenico De Berardis^1,2,3, Nicola Serroni², Rosa Maria Salerno¹, Filippo Maria Ferro¹

¹Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy. ²National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, SPDC Teramo, Italy. ³ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, “G. D’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy

Abstract: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Pharmacologic options studied for treating severe PMS and PMDD may include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, anxiolytic agents, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and the diuretic spironolactone. However, the use of combined oral contraceptives (COC) may be a therapeutic option in treating PMS and PMDD. The combination of drospirenone with ethinylestradiol (EE/drospirenone) was approved for marketing as an oral contraceptive in Europe and the United States. The preparation is characterized by a high contraceptive efficacy in combination with excellent cycle control, good tolerability, and a favourable impact on lipid and glucose metabolism. Recently, some placebo-controlled, randomized studies have tested clinical efficacy and tolerability of this COC in the treatment of PMDD. The aim of the present review was to elucidate the possible benefits or disadvantages of PMDD treatment with this novel formulation of EE/drospirenone. The results of trials evaluating the use of EE/drospirenone combination in the treatment of PMDD are encouraging but further studies are needed. However, the reported clinical efficacy and the relative good tolerability of EE/drospirenone may contribute to widen the therapeutic spectrum of PMDD.

Keywords: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, oral contraceptives, drospirenone, ethinylestradiol, efficacy, tolerability.