Acceptance of a pandemic influenza vaccine: a systematic review of surveys of the general public

Trang Nguyen^1,2, Kirsten Holdt Henningsen¹, Jamie C Brehaut^1,2, Erica Hoe¹, Kumanan Wilson^1,3
1Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; ²Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; ³Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Introduction: The effectiveness of pandemic vaccine campaigns such as the H1N1 vaccine rollout is dependent on both the vaccines’ effectiveness and the general public’s willingness to be vaccinated. It is therefore critical to understand the factors that influence the decision of members of the public whether to get vaccinated with new, emergently released vaccines.
Methods: A systematic review of English language quantitative surveys was conducted to identify consistent predictors of the decision to accept or decline any (pre)pandemic vaccine, including the H1N1 influenza A vaccine. A total of ten studies were included in this review and all pertained to the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic. Respondents’ willingness to receive a pandemic vaccine ranged from 8%–67% across the ten studies. The factors reported to be consistent predictors of the intention to vaccinate were: risk of infection, proximity or severity of the public health event, severity of personal consequences resulting from the illness, harm or adverse events from the vaccine, acceptance of previous vaccination, and ethnicity. Age and sex were the demographic variables examined most frequently across the ten studies and there was no consistent association between these variables and the intention to accept or reject a pandemic vaccine.
Conclusion: Some predictors of the intention to accept or decline a (pre)pandemic vaccine or the H1N1 influenza A vaccine are consistently identified by surveys. Understanding the important factors influencing the acceptance of a pandemic vaccine by individual members of the public may help inform strategies to improve vaccine uptake during future pandemics.

Keywords: pandemic, H1N1 influenza A, emergent vaccine, personal risk, demographic