A case of an aortic dissection in a young adult: a refresher of the literature of this "great masquerader"

Jérôme Pineault¹, Denis Ouimet², Vincent Pichette², Michel Vallée^2
1Department of Internal Medicine, ²Department of Nephrology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Canada

Abstract: Aortic dissection is often misdiagnosed, especially among young patients, and it is associated with a high mortality rate. We present here a case of fatal acute aortic dissection in a young man who was misdiagnosed with pericarditis. We reviewed the literature of acute aortic dissection in young people and we focused particularly on clinical presentations, outcomes and investigations of aortic dissection. We report a case of a 33-year-old man with a history of uncontrolled hypertension with acute pleuretic chest pain who was transferred to our hospital for suspected pulmonary embolism and died of acute hemorragic pericardial effusion from an ascendant aortic dissection. We should never rule out aortic dissection off our differential diagnosis on the sole basis of a patient's young age.

Keywords: pleuritic chest pain, hypertension, aortic dissection