skip to content
Dovepress - Open Access to Scientific and Medical Research
View our mobile site

8852

Vertebrate hepatic lipase genes and proteins: a review supported by bioinformatic studies

Review

(1273) Views  (297) Full article downloads

Authors: Holmes R, VandeBerg JL , Cox LA

Published Date April 2011 Volume 2011:3 Pages 85 - 95
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OAB.S18401

Roger S Holmes1,2, John L VandeBerg1, Laura A Cox1
1Department of Genetics, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA; 2School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia

Abstract: Hepatic lipase (gene: LIPC; enzyme: HL; E.C.3.1.1.3) is one of three members of the triglyceride lipase family that contributes to vascular lipoprotein degradation and serves a dual role in triglyceride hydrolysis and in facilitating receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake into the liver. Amino acid sequences, protein structures, and gene locations for vertebrate LIPC (or Lipc for mouse and rat) genes and proteins were sourced from previous reports and vertebrate genome databases. Lipc was distinct from other neutral lipase genes (Lipg encoding endothelial lipase and Lpl encoding lipoprotein lipase [LPL]) and was located on mouse chromosome 9 with nine coding exons on the negative strand. Exon 9 of human LIPC and mouse and rat Lipc genes contained “stop codons” in different positions, causing changes in C-termini length. Vertebrate HL protein subunits shared 58%–97% sequence identities, including active, signal peptide, disulfide bond, and N-glycosylation sites, as well as proprotein convertase (“hinge”) and heparin binding regions. Predicted secondary and tertiary structures revealed similarities with the three-dimensional structure reported for horse and human pancreatic lipases. Potential sites for regulating LIPC gene expression included CpG islands near the 5”-untranslated regions of the mouse and rat LIPC genes. Phylogenetic analyses examined the relationships and potential evolutionary origins of the vertebrate LIPC gene family with other neutral triglyceride lipase gene families (LIPG and LPL). We conclude that the triglyceride lipase ancestral gene for vertebrate neutral lipase genes (LIPC, LIPG, and LPL) predated the appearance of fish during vertebrate evolution.

Keywords: vertebrates, amino acid sequence, hepatic lipase, evolution, gene duplication






Readers of this article also read:

Role of aliskiren in cardio-renal protection and use in hypertensives with multiple risk factors
Computational methods for the identification of microRNA targets
Influence of SMAD1 gene in osteoporosis: A bioinformatics approach
The interpretation of protein structures based on graph theory and contact map
Microarray oligonucleotide probe designer: a Web service
A predictive tool for foreign body fibrotic reactions using a two-dimensional computational model
Bioinformatic studies of vertebrate enolases: multifunctional genes and proteins
A novel high-throughput analysis approach: immune response-related genes are upregulated in age-related hearing loss
Using biomedical networks to prioritize gene–disease associations
Comparative studies of adipose triglyceride lipase genes and proteins: an ancient gene in vertebrate evolution