Targeted drug delivery into reversibly injured myocardium with silica nanoparticles: surface functionalization,  natural biodistribution, and acute toxicity

Michael M Galagudza¹, Dmitry V Korolev¹, Dmitry L Sonin¹, Viktor N Postnov², Garry V Papayan³, Ivan S Uskov¹, Anastasia V Belozertseva¹, Eugene V Shlyakhto¹

¹Institute of Experimental Medicine, VA. Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Center, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation; ²Chemical Faculty, St-Petersburg State University, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation;  ³Department of Pathophysiology, IP. Pavlov State Medical University, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract: The clinical outcome of patients with ischemic heart disease can be significantly improved with the implementation of targeted drug delivery into the ischemic myocardium. In this paper, we present our original findings relevant to the problem of therapeutic heart targeting with use of nanoparticles. Experimental approaches included fabrication of carbon and silica nanoparticles, their characterization and surface modification. The acute hemodynamic effects of nanoparticle formulation as well as nanoparticle biodistribution were studied in male Wistar rats. Carbon and silica nanoparticles are non-toxic materials that can be used as carriers for heart-targeted drug delivery. Concepts of passive and active targeting can be applied to the development of targeted drug delivery to the ischemic myocardial cells. Provided that ischemic heart-targeted drug delivery can be proved to be safe and efficient, the results of this research may contribute to the development of new technologies in the pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords: nanocarriers, targeted drug delivery, myocardial ischemia