Remembering and forgetting: directed forgetting effect in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Mika Konishi¹, Kurie Shishikura², Shutaro Nakaaki³, Shin-ichi Komatsu⁴, Masaru Mimura^1
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; ²Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; ³Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya; ⁴Faculty of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan

Abstract: It has been reported that episodic memory seems to be impaired in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) because the patients repeat a specific checking behavior, but it is still unknown if OCD patients show memory impairments associated with their unique symptoms or not. To study episodic memory in OCD patients, we examined the directed forgetting effect. Patients with OCD and healthy control participants were given a list of 24 emotionally neutral everyday words (12 remember [R]-cued words and 12 forget [F]-cued words) under two conditions: List and Item. The results of our study showed that OCD patients recalled a number of F-cued words similar to that for controls and relatively fewer R-cued words than controls under both List and Item conditions. Consequently, the directed forgetting effect was smaller in OCD patients than controls. Our results demonstrated that both selective encoding and retrieval inhibition processes are impaired in OCD, and we suggest that recall of unfavorable items to be forgotten intruded into necessary items to be remembered. This impairment in episodic memory may partially account for some of the unique clinical symptoms of OCD.

Keywords: episodic memory, retrieval inhibition, selective encoding