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Exercise training improves fasting glucose control

Authors Norton L, Norton, Lewis N

Received 22 August 2012

Accepted for publication 9 October 2012

Published 16 November 2012 Volume 2012:3 Pages 209—214

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S37065

Checked for plagiarism Yes

Review by Single anonymous peer review

Peer reviewer comments 4



Lynda Norton,1 Kevin Norton,2 Nicole Lewis2

1School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; 2School of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

Purpose: Numerous studies have measured changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in response to physical activity (PA) interventions. While studies involving clinical populations such as type 2 diabetics typically report significant reductions, most others report no change in FBG. This study investigated changes in FBG in apparently healthy adults following a PA intervention.
Methods: We measured fingertip samples for FBG pre and post a 40-day PA program in 575 insufficiently active adults. The PA goal was at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily, and there was 73% compliance.
Results: A PA questionnaire showed the average level of activity was 69 ± 46 min/wk preintervention, and this increased to 635 ± 458 min/wk postintervention. When the change in FBG was regressed against baseline FBG levels, there was a significant negative relationship (y = 2.623 – 0.471 × x; r = 0.472; P < 0.0001). The regression line showed, on average, subjects with low pre-study glucose levels had increased FBG while those with high levels had reductions in FBG.
Conclusion: It appears that the body's response to PA training is to upregulate glucose control, which is reflected in tighter FBG levels around a physiological set point (5.6 mmol/L, in the present study). Regulation of blood glucose is a complex neuroendocrine process with numerous organs involved, but it was not possible in the present study to determine which of these regulatory steps are involved in exercise-induced changes of FBG.

Keywords: physical activity, glucagon, insulin sensitivity

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