Effects of hydroxyapatite nanostructure on channel surface of porcine acellular dermal matrix scaffold on cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

Shaohua Ge,¹ Ning Zhao,¹ Lu Wang,¹ Hong Liu,² Pishan Yang<sup>1

1</sup>Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Periodontology, Shandong University; ²State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China

Abstract: A new nanostructured hydroxyapatite-coated porcine acellular dermal matrix (HAp-PADM) was fabricated by a biomimetic mineralization method. Human periodontal ligament stem cells were seeded on HAp-PADM and the effects of this scaffold on cell shape, cytoskeleton organization, cell viability, and osteogenic differentiation were examined. Periodontal ligament stem cells cultured on HAp-PADM exhibited different cell shape when compared with those on pure PADM. Moreover, HAp-PADM promoted cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity significantly. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the expression of bone-related markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) upregulated in the HAp-PADM scaffold. The enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells on the HAp-PADM scaffold was proposed based on the research results. The results of this study highlight the micro-nano, two-level, three-dimensional HAp-PADM composite as a promising scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering.

Keywords: hydroxyapatite, scaffold, nanostructure, proliferation, differentiation, tissue engineering